Abstract: Pathological elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the major risk factors of primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG), which is mainly due to the increased aqueous humor outflow resistance caused by trabecular meshwork change. High IOP is associated with cellular senescence, change of cytoskeleton, deposition of extracellular matrix, oxidative stress damage, and gene expression abnormality in trabecular aqueous humor outflow pathway through mechanical stress. It is important for investigating POAG pathophysiological mechanism and treatment options.   (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2015, 39： 180-184)